(SOLUTIONS) Chemical, Biochemical, and Engineering Thermodynamics (5th ed) (Stanley I. Sandler) (z-lib.org)

This manual contains more or less complete solutions for every problem in the book. Should you find errors in any of the solutions, please bring them to my attention. Over the years, I have tried to enrich my lectures by including historical information on the significant developments in thermodynamics, and biographical sketches of the people involved. The multivolume Dictionary of Scientific Biography, edited by Charles C. Gillispie and published by C. Scribners, New York, has been especially useful for obtaining biographical and, to some extent, historical information. [For example, the entry on Anders Celsius points out that he chose the zero of his temperature scale to be the boiling point of water, and 100 to be the freezing point. Also, the intense rivalry between the English and German scientific communities for credit for developing thermodynamics is discussed in the biographies of J.R. Mayer, J. P. Joule, R. Clausius (who introduced the word entropy) and others.] Other sources of biographical information includes various encyclopedias, Asimov’s Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology by I. Asimov, published by Doubleday & Co., (N.Y., 1972), and, to a lesser extent, Nobel Prize

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Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research

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The aim of this study is twofold: to explore, first, the influence of the intellectual and social conditions on the transfer of thermodynamics to chemistry and thereby the making of chemical thermodynamics, and second, the way that this knowledge was transferred from Europe to America. Consequently, it is of interest to examine the methodological approaches used by physicists and chemists to transfer ther-modynamics to chemistry, to evaluate the potential of this science to offer solutions to existing chemical problems, and to discuss the attitude of the scientific community towards these new ideas. The development of chemical thermodynamics in America followed a different route compared to the European experience. Although it was transferred from Europe, it had distinctive characteristics imposed by a different traditional, intellectual and social milieu. This study focuses on the content of the transferred knowledge to America and the direction that this knowledge assumed by the American scientists. As a paradigm, the chemical thermodynamics of Gilbert Newton Lewis will be considered.

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This paper draws attention to a series of misconceptions and misstatements regarding the origin and meaning of some of the most basic concepts of engineering thermodynamics. The six examples exhibited in the paper relate to the concepts of reversibility, entropy, mechanical equivalent of the calorie, the first law of thermodynamics for open systems, enthalpy and the Diesel cycle. A complete list of the pioneering references concludes the paper. Obiective The discipline of Engineering Thermodynamics revolves around a relatively large number of good introductory treatments, which-in my view-are all very similar except for certain variations in writing style and graphics quality. It would seem that for generation after generation Engineering Thermodynamics has flowed from one book into the next, essentially unchanged. Today the textbooks describe a seemingly moribund engineering discipline, that is, a subject void of controversy and, most regrettably, references. As students, we are brought in contact with a discipline whose step-by-step innovations seem to have been long forgotten. Traveling back in time to "rediscover" the origins of the discipline is a task tackled only by a curious few. This situation presents a tremendous opportunity for the researcher. I recognized this opportunity four years ago when I began work on a graduate treatise on engineering thermodynamics [1]. In the course of that work I made numerous trips to the Library of Congress, in Washington, DC, where many of the original writings can be located. The many facts and references I discovered are 571

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